Oil testing machine



March 8, 1938. M. CORNELL OIL TESTING MACHINE Filed April 22, 1935 3 SheebS-SheeiI l l L. 1 a 1 l n. L@ i, A 7 6 WMM s@ |h 1 Mmmm [NJIT a en Z n .UVE/7 1.7./-l '77/eac/ or/zeI/Z March 8, 1938. M. CORNELL 2,110,288

' oIL TESTING MACHINE y Filed April 22, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet, 3

Patented Mar. 8, 1938 .2,110,288 on. TESTING MACHINE Mead Cornell, Philadelphia, Pa., assigner to F. A.

Faville and J. R. Le Vally, Chicago, Ill.,

partners doing business .as Faville-Le co- Vally 00.

Application Api-u z2, 193s, semi No. 11,581 zz claims. (ci. zes-1o) This invention relates to a lubricant testing machine. More particularly the invention relates to a machine for testing lubricants that is capable of indicating both the load applied to thebear-.

ing surfaces and also the torque produced by the friction between the relatively rotating surfaces of the bearing members.

It is an object of this invention to provide a machine of a compact, rugged and relatively simple construction, yet so designed as to be capable of a high degree of iexibility and accuracy in the determination of the lubricating values of various oils and the like.

It is a further important object of this iinvention to provide a lubricant testing device in which the load applied to the bearing surfaces is indicated directly and in which the variations in the effect of structural parts of the machine upon the reading of the load are automatically compensated for.

It is a. further important object of this invention to provide a novel and improved type of bearing block and pin for use in the machine of my invention.

It is a further important objectl of this inven tion to provide means and mechanism for'applying a load to the bearing surfacesby successively applied small increments. v

It is a further important object'of this inven tion to provide a lubricant testing machine in which the speed of the bearing pin may be readily changed.

It is a further important object of this invention to provide -a lubricant testing machine in which a bearing pin is revolved in a vertical position in bearing relationship to opposed bearing blocks having convergent plane 'faces for contact with the pin. I

It is a further important object of this invention to provide a machine for testing lubricants, wherein bearing blocks used for applying the bearing pressure are self-adjusting to eliminate unbalanced pressure conditions.

. Other and further important objects of this 45 invention will'become apparent from the follow- `515 Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially on line lII-III of Fig. 1, awith parts in elevation.

Figure 4 is a sectional view taken substantially on line IV-IV of Fig. 3, with parts in elevation.

Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantimiy on une v-v of Fig. 1, with parts omitted.

- iFigure 6 is a fragmentary, enlarged view, taken substantially along the line VI-VI of Fig. 1, with 10 parts in section.

Figure 7 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line VII-VII of Fig. 6, with parts in elevation.

Figure 8 is an enlarged detail view of the 15 bearing pin assembly. Figures 9 and 10 are end view and elevational view, respectively, of a bearing block used in the machine of my invention.

- As shown on the drawings:

The reference numeral II indicates a base or lsupporting stand on which apparatus embodying the principles of my invention is supported. An electric motor I2 is suitably supported from said base ii` by means of a pair of'upright members 25 I3-I3, to which a lower section i5 of the motor casing is bolted, las at i-i. An upper section vi8 of themotor casing is similarly provided with integrally formed lugs |9-I9, which are secured by means of bolts 20'20 to dependent lugs 2 i-2I 30 formed on a gear casing or housing 22.

Said motor I2 is provided lwith a drive shaft 23 carrying a pinion gear 24 secured thereto. A stub shaft 25, suitably journaled in the gear casing 22. has secud thereto a pair of gears, com- 35 prising a gear 26 meshing with the pinion gear 24 and another gear 21 that meshes with a gear 28 0n a stub shaft 29. The gears 21 and 28 are interchangeable, or may be replaced by other pairs of gears of varying numbers of teeth, so that 40 the speed may be varied as desired. Either metal or fiber gears may b used, or combinations thereof, to reduce the noise of the drive mechanism. A cover plate 30. is adapted to be capped on to the gear housing 22 to enclose the various gears, 45

and for this purpose is provided with apertures for receiving the stub shafts 2l and 29. A removable pin 3l threads into the stub shaft 25 to hold the cover 30 in place. A nut 32 is adapted to be threaded'over the upper end of the stub 50 shaft 29 for holding a lever arm 22 in engagement with an eccentric disk 34 mounted on said shaft 29. Said arm 33 may removed by merely ,unscrewing the-nut 32.

The casing 22 may also be provided with later- 55 -prises a pair of lever or Jaw arms 99 and 91,

which together constitute a jaw, and a transversely extending shaft 99, by means of which a load is applied to said levers 99 and 91 and by them transmitted to the bearing surfaces'. Said lever` arms 99 and 91 are securely fixed upon stub shafts 99 and 49, respectively, by means of keys 4| and 42. Said stub shafts 99 and 4 9 are oscil-l latably disposed within a block or housing 49,.

which is oscillatably mounted upon a cylindrical tube 44 that housesthe shaft 29, the upper end -of said tube 44 being force iitted or otherwise secured within the casing 22. A knurled bearing collar 49 is threadedinto the lower end of the tube 44 to form a bearing support for the block 49.

The transverse shaft 99 is provided with threaded ends 49 and 41 that extend freely through bifurcatedends 49 and 49 on the lever arms 91 and 99. respectively (Fig. 3). The threaded end 49 extends through and is in threaded engagement with a member 99 that partially encloses the end 49 of the lever arm 91. A bearing member 9| having a plane surface 92 for engagement with an inner face of the member 99 and a segmental spherical surface 59 for engagement with a'segmental spherical surface -in the bifurcated end 49, is disposed'between said member 99 and the bifurcated end 49. Said bearing member 9| thusv serves to transmit 'the load to the lever arm- 91 without causing binding lbetween the engaging surfaces.

ing member 99 to the bifurcated end 49 of the lever 99.

The load applying lever 99 carries at its end a dog or pawl 9| `which is normally in gravity engagement with the .teeth 99 of a ratchet wheel 92 fixedly secured on the shaft 99. It will be apparent that when the motor I2 is driven to rotate the shaft 29, the eccentric throw of the disk 94 will eifect a reciprocating movement of the load applying arm 99, so that the wheel 92 will be caused to rotate by the engagement between the pawl 9| and the teeth 99. A pivotally mounted trip member 99, positioned adjacent the end of the load applying arm 99 serves for` manual adjustment of said arm 99 to swing the pawl 9| out of engagement, or into engagementv with the ratchet wheel 92.

' The housing 49 Fig. 5) is provided with a laterallyhextending eye lug 99 for connection to a sylphon 91.' Said eye lug 99 is internally threaded, as at 99, for engagement with the threaded end of a connecting member 99. The connect# ing member 99 is internally threaded as at 19 to receive a flanged plug 1|, 'which secures the connecting member 99 in the eye lug 99. The sylphon 91 is provided with an end boss 12 that extends through an opening 19 in the connect` 'free ing member- 99. A pressure transmitting plunger 14 is threaded into said end boss 12 and held therein by means of a lock washer 19. Said plunger 14 is provided with` a conically shaped, rounded end 19=centered in a conically shaped depression 11 in the plug 1|.

The other end of the sylphon 91 passes through a yoke 19 (Fig. 1) suspended from the gear housing 22 by means of one of the bolts 29. A tube 19-connected to the interior of Vsaid sylphon 91 extends beyond said yoke 19 to a gauge 99 which the load applying mechanism by means of a pin 92 (Fig. .4) carried by the bearing block 99. Said pin 92 actuates the working mechanism of the gauge 9| to cause the pointer 99 of said gauge to show the jaw load in pounds. Before the spring 99 is inserted in place, it is calibrated to determine the-amount of deflection produced by a given load acting to compress the spring. The

gauge 9| is correspondingly calibrated to show the load placed upon the jaw arms 99 and 91 and by them transmitted to the bearing surfaces. All deflection of said arms 99 and 91, as by bending, is thus automatically compensated for, since the gauge 9| indicates directly the compressive load put upon the spring 99.

The driven shaftA 29 carries at its lower end a bearing pin 94 (Fig. 6) secured therein by means of a shear pin 99 that extends through the apertured end 99 of said shaft 29 and also `through an aperture in said bearing pin 94. Pressure is applied to said bearing pin 94 by means of bearing blocks 91 and 99 (Fig. '1) carried by bearing block holders 99 and 99, respectively. Said bearing block holders 99 and 99 are secured, as by means of keys 9| and 92, upon the lower ends of the shafts 49 and 99, respectively.

Since the bearing block holders 99 and 99 are substantially identical, only one of them will be described. 4The bearing block holder 99, for instance, is provided with a transverse bore 99. which is threaded, as at 94, inwardly from one' end and provided with a counterbored socket 99 at the other end, with a connecting smooth bore portion 99. A plug 91 is adapted to be threaded into the threaded bore portion 94 by means of a wrenchv (not shown) adapted to fit within the polygonal socket'99 in the outer end of the plug. The inner end of said plug 91 is provided with a conical recess 99, which serves to center a ball |99 snugly held within the smooth bore portion 99 and in engagement with said recess 99. The bearing block 91 associated with. the hearing block holder 99 is similarly provided with a coni` cally recessed end I9| so as to make ther block self-centering about the ball |99. To this end, the block 91 is of slightly smaller dimensions than the counterbored recess 99, thereby permitting adjusting, so that centers of the balls |99 and the axis of the pin 94 will always be in the same plane and the bearing forces actingvagainst the pin I4 consequently will be properly balanced.

Means are provided for maintaining the bearing blocks l1 and Il and the portion of the bearing pin Il encompassed thereby beneath the surface of a lubricant to be tested. Such means include a post l" (Fig. 1) on which is slidably and pivotally supported a platform Ill. A spring IQ'I normally holds the platform Ill in elevated position. n the platform Ill is mounted a tray i" for containing the lubricant to be tested. The normal level of the lubricant within the tray. |08 is indicated by the dotted line IIS (Fig. 6)

'I'he operation of my lubricant testing machine' is as follows:

Assuming that the machine has not been cleaned up after the last run, the operator first unscrews the nut 32 and swings the load applying arm to one side so as to free the pawl Il from the teeth of the ratchet wheel I2. The wheel l2 is then spun by hand until one end is unthreaded sufficiently to permit'that end to be swung out through the bifurcated end 4l or 4l andthe Jaw levers and $1 swung wide apart. Assuming that the shear pin Il has been sheared in the previous operation, the pin is driven out of the shaft end It and a new bearing pin M inserted in the socket and a new shearing pin 8l positioned in place.

The old bearing blocks 81 and Il will doubtless have'fallen out, or they can be removed, and new bearing blocks inserted in place. the jaw lever arms lt and 31 being manually swung back together-to temporarily hold the bearing blocks in assembled relation about the bearing pin Il.

The tray |08 is next filled with the lubricant, to be tested, up to the level indicated by the dotted line Ill (Fig. 6) the tray placed upon the platform I Il, while in depressed condition, and the platform then allowed to rise imder the action of the spring II'I to the'position indicated in .Fig. 6.

, stand with their pointers at zero. the ratchet wheel 02 is again properly manipulated to obtain this condition. If after'a test and the machine is ready for another test, the pointer of the gauze Ii is not at zero, then the arm 33 is swung out of engagement with the ratchet wheel I2, the ratchet wheel is then rotated in such direction as to move the pointer ofthe gauge Il to zero whereupon the arm 33 is moved into 'engagement with the ratchet wheel ready forl another test. After a test and when the shaft 38 is disconnected from either of the arms I6 or 31, the housing or block 43 is relieved from the position to which it has been swung by a previous test, and it thereupon resumes its normal position by reason of the expansion of the bellows 61. after compression, whereupon the pressure of the fluid inthe bellows and gauge Il is relieved and the gauge pointer returns to zero. As already explained, when the gauge Il registers zero, there is a slight compression of the spring I6, Just sumcient to initiate bearing pressure.- between the bearing blocks l1 and Il and the bearing pin Il. The motor l2 is then turned on and the` test set in operation. The motor, of course, drives the shaft 2l 'I'he load applying arm 3l is thenv through thel train of gears -24-26 and 21-28. The eccentric throw of the disk Il upon the shaft 2| is translated into a reciprocating movement of the load applying arm I3. 0n each movement in one direction the ratchet wheel l2 is rotated by the amount equivalent to the throw of the veccentric diskor approximately such distance.

The rotation of the ratchet wheel 62 causes the jaw arms and 31 to'be brought closer together, in step by step manner against the compressive force of the spring It. As deflection of the spring Il occurs, there is relative movement between the pin l2 mounted upon the bearing block il and the working mechanism of the indicator ll that is securely amxed to the end member I5. Since, as already explained, the spring I8 has been calibrated with respect to the reading on the gauge tl, said gauge reads directly in pounds of pressure.

Practically as soon as the motor is started up, the indicator Il starts to register the torque produced by the friction between the relatively moving surfaces ofthe bearing pin 84 and the bearing erted by said blocks I1 and 88 against the bearing pin Il are properly balanced, the only unbalanced force is that of friction between the relatively moving surfaces of the pin 84 and the plane faces Ill and |04. 'I'his frictional force produces a tendency for the block or housing Il to revolve about the cylindrical tube u surrounding the shaft 2t that carries the bearing pin l i 4 1 This tendency of the block Il to rotate counter clockwise as viewed in Figure 5 causes a pressure against the plunger Il as transmitted thereto through the plug 1I positioned in the eye lug `blocks 81 and I8. Since the bearing forces exthat is integral with said blOck u. Owing t0 the conical bearing surfaces 16 and 'I1 of the plunger end and plug, respectively, a truly tangential force is applied through the plunger 'Il to the bellows of the sylphon 61. This force is transmitted through the uid with which the sylphon is filled to the gauge il and registers thereon di- .rectly in inch pounds of torque. The gauge 8l is, of course, one that has already been calibrated with reference to the sylphon l1. l.

As the test continues. both the jaw load and the torque load increase. the jaw load directly as the throw'of thearm 33 applies successively increas' ing increments of pressure upon the jaw arms 3i and 31, which pressure is transmitted by said jaw The test may, or may not, be carried out until seizure occurs between the contacting surfaces of 4the bearing blocks and bearing pin. It may be desired merely to measure the torque produced under varying applied J'aw loads. Ordinarily, however. the testis continued until seizure occurs and the shearing pin Il is sheared off. For this purpose, the pin is preferably made of some soft metal, such as brass, whereas the bearing pin Il is'of a high carbon steel. 'I'he bearing blocks 81 and Il are also made ofl a relatively hard steel, the metallurgy of which is carefully controlled to give'uniformity of hardness and structure in the bearing blocks used.

Whene'the test is continued until actual seizure occursandthepinllisshearedthereadings of the gauges Il and Il at that point represent the jaw loads and torque loads when the lubricant .is imder the extreme pressure for'the conditions under which thetest is carried out, such and increase the area of contact therewith.

8coredorwornplaces,asindicatedat iiandlll (Pigs. 9 and 10) are formed. If desired, the

actual area of the scored portions lill and lil may be measured and the jaw load applied at the point of seizure may be calculated in pounds per square inch of bearing pressure.

l, After the seizure point has occurred, or the test has otherwise been completed, the platform ill is lowered so as to swing the tray i out of the way and enable the operator to examine the bearing pin and bearing blocks. New bearing pins and bearing blocks are. of course, used for each lubricant test.

As is obvious, other testing proceduresmay be carried outusing the machine of my invention. It is possible, for instance, instead of running the machineuntilactualseisureoccuratorunthe poundswiththsratchetarmtl disengaged. The

r'atchetistbenreengagedandtheloadrunup toopoundsandkepttberswiththsratchet disengaged for l minute. The ratchet is then againengaged. themachinerunupto'w pounds and continued at this load for another minute with the ratchet disengaged.

At a very dsnnit'e load during this test, the iaw load gauge will fall oif a niceable amount by the end of the l minute period. when the ratchet is resumed. it is possibleto count the testh,orclicks,tobringbacktheloadtothe same point noted at the beginning of the 1 minute period. For example, assume that at i500v pounds, the load fails oif approximately. 50 pounds in the l minute interval. After attaching the ratchet for the next load application,

the number of teeth. or clicks, required to bring theloadgaugebacktoexactlylwopoundsis noted. If it be assumed that 8 teeth is the number of teeth required and each toothcorresponds 75 toawearofii.000067inch.theamountofwear can be computed by simply multiplying the wear for 1 tooth by the number of teeth that the wheel B2 must be advanced to bring the load back to the initial gure. The ratchet wheel 82 thus serves as an indexed member to indicate wear.

1t will be noted that pronounced wear occurs at and immediately following the incipient seizure point.` This is the limit of load that an oil can carry in service without wear resulting.

I am aware that many changes may be made and numerous details of construction may be varied through a wide range without departing from the principles of this invention, and I, therefore, do not purpose limiting the patent granted hereon otherwise than necessitated by the prior.

,said bearing contact, a receptacle for containing a. lubricant to a depth sumcient to immerse said bearing blocks and -the encompassed portion of said pin. means for indicating the pressure of said bearing contact, and means for indicating the torque produced by relative movement between said pin and bearing walls of said blocks.

2. A lubricant testing machine. comprising a pin, opposed bearing blocks having V-shaped notches for receiving said pin in bearing contact with the walls of said notches, a receptacle for containing a lubricant to a depth sufficient to immerse said bearing blocks and the encompassed portion of said pin, means for revolving said pin, means operated by said pin revolving means for automatically increasing the pressure of said bearing contact by smallincrements, means for indicating the pressure of said bearing contact. and means for indicating the torque produced by relative movement between said pin and bearin walls of said blocks.

3. A lubricant testing machine comprising a vertically positioned pin. opposed self-adjusting bearing blocks having V-shaped notches for receiving said pin in line bearing contact with the walls of said notches, a receptacle for containing a lubricant to a depth suiilcient to immerse said bearing blocks and the encompassed portion of said pin, means for revolving said pin at various predetermined. speeds, means operated by said pin revolving means for automatically increasing the pressure of said bearing contact by small increments, means for indicating the pressure of said bearing contact, andmeans for indicating the torque produced by relative movement between said pln and bearing walls of said blocks.

4. A lubricant testing machine, comprising a vertically disposed pin, .opposed bearing blocks having V-shaped notches presenting plane surfaces in contact with said pin, balls disposed behind said bearing blocks and adapted to so adjust said blocks that a plane passing through the Acenters of said balls also passes through the axis of said pin and the lines of convergence of said plane surfaces.

5. In a lubricant testing machine, a pin, blocks having V-shaped notches providing angularly disposed plane surfacesl bearing against opposite portions of said pin, means for immersing the bearing surfaces in a lubricant to be tested; means for revolving said pin, and means opera,11o,ass

ated by the pin revolving means for applying balanced forces through said blocks against said pin to increase the lbearing pressure therebetween.

6. In a lubricant testing machine, a vertically disposed cylindrical pin, blocks having V-shaped notches providing angularly disposed plane sursaid pin to increase the bearing pressure therebetween.

'1. A lubricant testing machine, comprising a vertical driven shaft,`a bearing pin secured in one end thereof to depend therefrom, a shear pin securing said bearing pin in said shaft end, notched bearing blocks having angularly disposed plane surfaces contacting opposite portionsof said bearing pin to initially make line contact with said pin, means-` operated by said driven shaft for applying -increasing pressure through said blocks against said bearing pin, means for immersing said bearing surfaces in a lubricant to be tested, means for indicating the bearingpressure, and means for indicating the torque set up by the friction between the bearing-surfaces of said bearing pin and blocks.

8. A lubricant testing machine, comprising a vertical driven shaft, a bearing pin secured in one end thereof to depend therefrom, a shear pin securing said bearing pin in said shaft end, notched bearing blocks having angularly disposed plane surfaces contacting opposite portions of said bearing pin, means for automatically applying increasing pressure through said blocks against said bearing pin, 4means for immersing said bearing surfaces in a lubricant to be tested, means for indicating the bearing pressure, and other means including a fluid lled sylphon and a gauge connected thereto for indicating the torque set up by the friction between the bearing surfaces of said bearing pinand blocks.

9. In a lubricant testing machine, a vertically disposed driven bearing'pin. means for applying a measured bearing pressure thereagainst balanced with respect to the axis of said pin, said means comprising a pair ofnotched bearing i blocks contacting opposite portions of said pin, self-adjusting centering members for said blocks, a pair of arms pivoted respectively at adjacent ends and diverging therefrom. the pivots of said arms carrying said bearing blocks from positions near the axes of said pivoted ends, said arms being bifurcated at-their divergent ends, a threaded shaft freely extending through said bifurcated ends, members threadingly engaged by said shaft on said extended ends, a compression spring coniined between one bifurcated end and the member threaded on the shaft end extending therebeyond, a gauge mechanically connected to said spring to indicate the compressive force applied thereto, and means for rotating said shaft to draw said divergent ends closer together and thus increase the bearing pressure exerted against said bearing pin. f

10. In a lubricant testing machine, a vertically disposed driven bearing pin, means for applying a measured bearing pressure thereagainst balanced with respect to the axis of said pin, said means comprising a pair of notched bearing blocks contacting opposite portions of said pin,

' self-adjusting centering members for said blocks, 75 a pair of arms pivoted respectively at adjacent ends and dlvergmz therefrom, the pivots of sala arms carrying said bearing blocks from positions near the axes of said pivoted ends. Said arms being bifurcated at their divergent ends, a threaded shaft freely extending through said bifurcated `ends, members threadingly engaged'by said shaft on said extended ends, a compression spring conflned between one bifurcated. end and the member threaded on the shaft end extending therebeyond, a gauge mechanically connected to said spring to indicate the compressive force applied thereto, a ratchet wheel carried by said threaded shaft and xed thereon, a driven shaft carrying 11. In a lubricant `testing machine, a driven shaft, a vertically disposed driven bearing pin,

bearing blocks in bearing contact with said pin, jaw arms carrying lsaid bearing blocks, said jaw arms being pivoted for movement towards and away from each other and as a whole for pivotal movement about the axis of said bearing pin, means operated by said driven shaft for placing a load in step by step manner upon said jaw arms to exert a bearing pressure against said bearing pin, and means responsive to the pivotal movement of the jaw arms as a whole for measuring the torque produced by the friction set up by said bearing pressure.,

12. In a lubricant testing machine, .a driven shaft, a vertically disposed driven bearing pin, bearing blocks in bearing contact with .said pin, jaw arms carrying said bearing blocks, said jaw arms being pivoted for movement towards and away from each other and also pivoted as a whole for movement about the axis of said bearing pin, means operated from said driven shaft for placing a load in step by step movement upon said'jaw arms to exert a bearing pressure against said pin, and a gauge operatively connected to said jaw arms and responsive to pivotal movement of said arms as a whole for measuring the torque produced by the friction set up by said bearing pressure.

' 13. In a lubricant testing machine, a vertically disposed driven bearing pin, bearing blocks in bearing contact with 'said pin, jaw arms carrying said bearing blocks, said jaw arms being pivotally mounted for movement with respect to each other and also mounted for pivotal movement as a whole about the axis of said bearing pin,'means for pivotally swinging said jaw arms for placing a load in s tep by step manner upon said jaw arms to exert a bearing pressure against said pin, and a sylphon and a gauge operatively connected by said sylphon to said jaw arms and responsive to pivotal movement of said. arms as a whole for measuring the torque produced by the friction set up by said bearing pressure.

14. In a lubricant testing machine, a driven shaft, a bearing pin carried thereby, jaw members for 'applying' a bearing pressure against said i pin, means for applying a load on said jaw members to increase said bearing pressure by successive small increments, said means including a threaded shaft connecting ends of said Jaw members, a ratchet wheel carried by said threaded 5 self-adjusting holders for centering said blocks forfapplying a balanced bearing load through said faces against said pin.

18. In a lubricant testing machine. lii rotatably driven pin, bearing blocks having V-shapcd notches presenting opposed plane bearing faces for contact with said pin. means including selfadlusting holders for centering said blocksfor applyingabalancedbearingloadthroughsaid faces against said pin, a gauge for registering the load so applied. and an indexed member'constitutingapartofsaidloadwplylnmeansand respcnsivetothewearonsaidbearing facesto indicate the amount of such wear during continued application of a bearing load.

l 17. In a lubricant testing machine, a rotatably driven pin, bearing blocks for contact with said pin, means including self-adjusting. holders for centering saicbioekseior applying a Abaiiiiieea .bearinglcadagainstsaidpimagaugeforregis- ,25

teringtheloadsoapplied,andanindexedmem ber' constituting a -part of said load applying meansandresponsivetothe wearcn said-bearing facestoindicatetheamount ofsuchwearduring continued application of a 18.Inahibricanttesting .adriven bearing faces for contact with said member. selfl centering holders for said blocks, lever arms pivotally mounted at adjacent ends and having divergent free ends. tbe pivots of saidarms carrying said block' holders, means vconnecting said freelever ends todrawsaid-lever arms toward eachotherandtoapplyabearingloadthrough said vblocks against said l cylindrical member. means fcrmeasuring thebearing load'so applied. and an indexed member associated with said connecting means for indicating the wear ony said blocks under given loaei.` V

19. In a lubricant testing machine, a driven pin. bearing blocks having V-.shaped notches presenting opposed plane bearing faces for contact with said pin, holders for self-adiustably centeringsaidblcckswithrespecttosaidpinJever arms plvotaiiy mounted attheir adjacent respec-l cylindrical member, bearing blocks having plane,

and a compression springas'soci'ated with said capable of acting through said load applying meansto drawsaidfreeleverendstowardeach otherto compress said springvand to applya bearing load through said block againstsaid rdn. and a gauge lactuated by the compression eilect on said spring toindioate theamount ofsuch load, said indexed member being responsive to the amount of wear on said bearing faces to indicatethesameduringthetestingcperation. s

Lfree lever ends, means for driving said pin and 2o. In a nibrieant sezting'msenine. a driven' cylindrical member. bearing blocks having V- shaped notches providing plane bearing faces for contact with said pin, holders in which said bloch are self-adjustably mounted and automatically centered with-respect to said cylindrical member. pivotally mounted Jaw arms the pivots of which carryl said blocks. and `means for drawing said ljawarmstcwardeacliothertoapr'iiyapressure load through said block bearing faces to said cylindrical member. said lmeans including a toothed wheel to indicate the extent to lwhich said iaw arms are brought toward each other during the application of a bearing load whereby the amount of wear on said bearing faces may be determined during operation ofthe machine.

22.A niv a lubricant resting machina-ammpin,apairofbearingblocksincontactwithsaid pin, self-adjusting holders for centering said blockswithrespecttosaidpimapairoflever -arms pivotedat adiacent ends anddiverssnt therefrom,l the pivots of said .arms carrying asili holders, and means for drawing said arms towsrdeachothertoappiya said holders and blDQkl Ilainst @aneurisma having aivenenineeenaaine vilvvutsofs aidai-mscarryingsaidbolderaload- Yapplyingiiieaiisinciiiiii-nsaxiiniiexed member 

